{"id":2738,"date":"2021-04-28T15:00:26","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T15:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sps-powersys.de\/?page_id=2738"},"modified":"2021-08-10T09:16:00","modified_gmt":"2021-08-10T09:16:00","slug":"testing-methodology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/en\/testing-power-electronics\/testing-methodology\/","title":{"rendered":"Testing Methodology"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Sektion&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_start=&#8221;#0075be&#8221; background_color_gradient_end=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.6)&#8221; background_color_gradient_overlays_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/avl-set.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/AdobeStock_283667263-scaled.jpeg&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10vw||10vw||true|false&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; max_width=&#8221;700px&#8221; use_custom_width=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_width_px=&#8221;700px&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;48px&#8221; header_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;|600||on|||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#FFFFFF&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; header_3_letter_spacing=&#8221;2px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; header_font_size_tablet=&#8221;38px&#8221; header_font_size_phone=&#8221;28px&#8221; header_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Power Electronics Testing<\/h3>\n<h1>Testing Methodology<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=&#8221;#0075BE&#8221; divider_weight=&#8221;4px&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; max_width=&#8221;140px&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; height=&#8221;4px&#8221;][\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;27px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.75em&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; background_layout=&#8221;dark&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;60px||60px||true&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;0px||120px||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Only with a test process in place will the product be as good as it has to be.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Contact Info&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; collapsed=&#8221;off&#8221;][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; max_width=&#8221;1280px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-249px|auto||auto||&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;-200px||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;72px|40px|72px|40px|true|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;25px||25px||true|true&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;zoom&#8221; animation_intensity_zoom=&#8221;20%&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;3px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#eff5f7&#8243; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; box_shadow_vertical=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_blur=&#8221;60px&#8221; box_shadow_spread=&#8221;-10px&#8221; box_shadow_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.03)&#8221; use_custom_width=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_width_px=&#8221;1280px&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; 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The actuator in these auxiliaries operates in a closed loop. The control unit determines the behaviour of the actuator.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t\t\t \t\t \t\t \">\r\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Icon_Hotspot_Plus.png\" class=\"pins_image ihotspot_hastooltop\" style=\"top:-25px;left:-25px\" alt=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t<\/div>\r\n\t\t <\/div>\r\n\t\t \t\t <div class=\"drag_element tips \" style=\"top:43.08%;left:28.93%;\" >\r\n\t\t \t<div class=\"point_style  ihotspot_tooltop_html\" data-placement=\"n\" data-html=\"\t\t \t\t\t                  &lt;div class=&quot;box_view_html&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;span class=&quot;close_ihp&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;svg version=&quot;1.1&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink&quot; x=&quot;0px&quot; y=&quot;0px&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 1000 1000&quot; enable-background=&quot;new 0 0 1000 1000&quot; xml:space=&quot;preserve&quot;&gt;&lt;g&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M153.7,153.7C57.9,249.5,10,365.3,10,499c0,135.7,47.9,251.5,143.7,347.3l0,0C249.5,942.1,363.3,990,499,990c135.7,0,251.5-47.9,347.3-143.7C942.1,750.5,990,634.7,990,499c0-135.7-47.9-249.5-143.7-345.3l0,0C750.5,57.9,634.7,10,499,10C365.3,10,249.5,57.9,153.7,153.7z M209.6,211.6l2-2C289.4,129.7,387.2,89.8,499,89.8c113.8,0,209.6,39.9,291.4,121.8c79.8,77.8,119.8,175.6,119.8,287.4c0,113.8-39.9,209.6-119.8,291.4C708.6,870.3,612.8,910.2,499,910.2c-111.8,0-209.6-39.9-287.4-119.8C129.8,708.6,89.8,612.8,89.8,499C89.8,387.2,129.8,289.4,209.6,211.6z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M293.4,331.3c0,12,4,22,12,29.9L443.1,497L305.4,632.7c-8,8-12,18-12,29.9c0,10,4,18,12,26c8,8,18,12,28,12c12,0,20-4,27.9-10L499,552.9l135.7,137.7c8,6,16,10,28,10c12,0,21.9-4,27.9-10c8-8,12-18,12-28c0-12-4-21.9-12-29.9L554.9,497l135.7-135.7c8-8,12-18,12-27.9c0-12-4-22-12-29.9c-6-8-16-12-25.9-12c-12,0-21.9,4-29.9,12L499,441.1L363.3,303.4c-8-8-18-12-29.9-12c-10,0-20,4-28,12C297.4,311.4,293.4,321.4,293.4,331.3z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;\/g&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inverter&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The inverter is one of the three core elements in every powertrain. The inverter converts the energy in the battery (DC current) into multi-phase alternating current for the e-motor and controls the e-motor torque.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t\t\t \t\t \t\t \">\r\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Icon_Hotspot_Plus.png\" class=\"pins_image ihotspot_hastooltop\" style=\"top:-25px;left:-25px\" alt=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t<\/div>\r\n\t\t <\/div>\r\n\t\t \t\t <div class=\"drag_element tips \" style=\"top:71.79%;left:46.3%;\" >\r\n\t\t \t<div class=\"point_style  ihotspot_tooltop_html\" data-placement=\"n\" data-html=\"\t\t \t\t\t                  &lt;div class=&quot;box_view_html&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;span class=&quot;close_ihp&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;svg version=&quot;1.1&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink&quot; x=&quot;0px&quot; y=&quot;0px&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 1000 1000&quot; enable-background=&quot;new 0 0 1000 1000&quot; xml:space=&quot;preserve&quot;&gt;&lt;g&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M153.7,153.7C57.9,249.5,10,365.3,10,499c0,135.7,47.9,251.5,143.7,347.3l0,0C249.5,942.1,363.3,990,499,990c135.7,0,251.5-47.9,347.3-143.7C942.1,750.5,990,634.7,990,499c0-135.7-47.9-249.5-143.7-345.3l0,0C750.5,57.9,634.7,10,499,10C365.3,10,249.5,57.9,153.7,153.7z M209.6,211.6l2-2C289.4,129.7,387.2,89.8,499,89.8c113.8,0,209.6,39.9,291.4,121.8c79.8,77.8,119.8,175.6,119.8,287.4c0,113.8-39.9,209.6-119.8,291.4C708.6,870.3,612.8,910.2,499,910.2c-111.8,0-209.6-39.9-287.4-119.8C129.8,708.6,89.8,612.8,89.8,499C89.8,387.2,129.8,289.4,209.6,211.6z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M293.4,331.3c0,12,4,22,12,29.9L443.1,497L305.4,632.7c-8,8-12,18-12,29.9c0,10,4,18,12,26c8,8,18,12,28,12c12,0,20-4,27.9-10L499,552.9l135.7,137.7c8,6,16,10,28,10c12,0,21.9-4,27.9-10c8-8,12-18,12-28c0-12-4-21.9-12-29.9L554.9,497l135.7-135.7c8-8,12-18,12-27.9c0-12-4-22-12-29.9c-6-8-16-12-25.9-12c-12,0-21.9,4-29.9,12L499,441.1L363.3,303.4c-8-8-18-12-29.9-12c-10,0-20,4-28,12C297.4,311.4,293.4,321.4,293.4,331.3z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;\/g&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DC\/DC Converter&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The DC\/DC converter aligns different voltage levels. It converts DC voltages to DC voltages and controls the flow of energy between two voltage potentials.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t\t\t \t\t \t\t \">\r\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Icon_Hotspot_Plus.png\" class=\"pins_image ihotspot_hastooltop\" style=\"top:-25px;left:-25px\" alt=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t<\/div>\r\n\t\t <\/div>\r\n\t\t \t\t <div class=\"drag_element tips \" style=\"top:66.34%;left:74.47%;\" >\r\n\t\t \t<div class=\"point_style  ihotspot_tooltop_html\" data-placement=\"n\" data-html=\"\t\t \t\t\t                  &lt;div class=&quot;box_view_html&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;span class=&quot;close_ihp&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;svg version=&quot;1.1&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink&quot; x=&quot;0px&quot; y=&quot;0px&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 1000 1000&quot; enable-background=&quot;new 0 0 1000 1000&quot; xml:space=&quot;preserve&quot;&gt;&lt;g&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M153.7,153.7C57.9,249.5,10,365.3,10,499c0,135.7,47.9,251.5,143.7,347.3l0,0C249.5,942.1,363.3,990,499,990c135.7,0,251.5-47.9,347.3-143.7C942.1,750.5,990,634.7,990,499c0-135.7-47.9-249.5-143.7-345.3l0,0C750.5,57.9,634.7,10,499,10C365.3,10,249.5,57.9,153.7,153.7z M209.6,211.6l2-2C289.4,129.7,387.2,89.8,499,89.8c113.8,0,209.6,39.9,291.4,121.8c79.8,77.8,119.8,175.6,119.8,287.4c0,113.8-39.9,209.6-119.8,291.4C708.6,870.3,612.8,910.2,499,910.2c-111.8,0-209.6-39.9-287.4-119.8C129.8,708.6,89.8,612.8,89.8,499C89.8,387.2,129.8,289.4,209.6,211.6z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M293.4,331.3c0,12,4,22,12,29.9L443.1,497L305.4,632.7c-8,8-12,18-12,29.9c0,10,4,18,12,26c8,8,18,12,28,12c12,0,20-4,27.9-10L499,552.9l135.7,137.7c8,6,16,10,28,10c12,0,21.9-4,27.9-10c8-8,12-18,12-28c0-12-4-21.9-12-29.9L554.9,497l135.7-135.7c8-8,12-18,12-27.9c0-12-4-22-12-29.9c-6-8-16-12-25.9-12c-12,0-21.9,4-29.9,12L499,441.1L363.3,303.4c-8-8-18-12-29.9-12c-10,0-20,4-28,12C297.4,311.4,293.4,321.4,293.4,331.3z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;\/g&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Onboard Charger&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The onboard charger ensures that the batteries in an electric vehicle are charged. It represents the interface to the charge point (energy source) and controls the battery charging process.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t\t\t \t\t \t\t \">\r\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Icon_Hotspot_Plus.png\" class=\"pins_image ihotspot_hastooltop\" style=\"top:-25px;left:-25px\" alt=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t<\/div>\r\n\t\t <\/div>\r\n\t\t \t\t <div class=\"drag_element tips \" style=\"top:69.14%;left:60.74%;\" >\r\n\t\t \t<div class=\"point_style  ihotspot_tooltop_html\" data-placement=\"n\" data-html=\"\t\t \t\t\t                  &lt;div class=&quot;box_view_html&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;span class=&quot;close_ihp&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;svg version=&quot;1.1&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink&quot; x=&quot;0px&quot; y=&quot;0px&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 1000 1000&quot; enable-background=&quot;new 0 0 1000 1000&quot; xml:space=&quot;preserve&quot;&gt;&lt;g&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M153.7,153.7C57.9,249.5,10,365.3,10,499c0,135.7,47.9,251.5,143.7,347.3l0,0C249.5,942.1,363.3,990,499,990c135.7,0,251.5-47.9,347.3-143.7C942.1,750.5,990,634.7,990,499c0-135.7-47.9-249.5-143.7-345.3l0,0C750.5,57.9,634.7,10,499,10C365.3,10,249.5,57.9,153.7,153.7z M209.6,211.6l2-2C289.4,129.7,387.2,89.8,499,89.8c113.8,0,209.6,39.9,291.4,121.8c79.8,77.8,119.8,175.6,119.8,287.4c0,113.8-39.9,209.6-119.8,291.4C708.6,870.3,612.8,910.2,499,910.2c-111.8,0-209.6-39.9-287.4-119.8C129.8,708.6,89.8,612.8,89.8,499C89.8,387.2,129.8,289.4,209.6,211.6z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M293.4,331.3c0,12,4,22,12,29.9L443.1,497L305.4,632.7c-8,8-12,18-12,29.9c0,10,4,18,12,26c8,8,18,12,28,12c12,0,20-4,27.9-10L499,552.9l135.7,137.7c8,6,16,10,28,10c12,0,21.9-4,27.9-10c8-8,12-18,12-28c0-12-4-21.9-12-29.9L554.9,497l135.7-135.7c8-8,12-18,12-27.9c0-12-4-22-12-29.9c-6-8-16-12-25.9-12c-12,0-21.9,4-29.9,12L499,441.1L363.3,303.4c-8-8-18-12-29.9-12c-10,0-20,4-28,12C297.4,311.4,293.4,321.4,293.4,331.3z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;\/g&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chassis-Systems control units&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Systems that have associated control units include the steering servo, electrical brakes, active suspension and also the aircon compressor. The actuator in these auxiliaries operates in a closed loop. The control unit determines the behaviour of the actuator.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t\t\t \t\t \t\t \">\r\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Icon_Hotspot_Plus.png\" class=\"pins_image ihotspot_hastooltop\" style=\"top:-25px;left:-25px\" alt=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t<\/div>\r\n\t\t <\/div>\r\n\t\t \t\t \r\n\t\t  \t\t \t\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;About&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.22&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;42px&#8221; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;|700||on|||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#0075BE&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; header_3_letter_spacing=&#8221;2px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; max_width=&#8221;500px&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;32px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;22px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Testing Methodology<\/h3>\n<h2>Why should you test power electronics?<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Only with a test process in place will the product be as good as it has to be. What is the logic behind this?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Everything that has been \u201cspecified\u201d for a future product, or defined, has to be \u201cvalidated\u201d. This means that the defined features have to be proved in the development process, otherwise defining product features would be a waste of time. This is also true for the product \u201cpower electronics\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why do we focus our attention on the testing of power electronics?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Generally speaking, power electronics consist of all components involved in the conversion of electrical energy. This has associated energy losses. The resulting component heating means that this conversion is done predominantly by electronic switching elements.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; specialty=&#8221;on&#8221; padding_top_1=&#8221;0px&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;Feature&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.22&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0|0px|54px|0px|false|false&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/avl-set.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/IMG_keyvisual_invertertesting.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;IMG_keyvisual_invertertesting&#8221; align_tablet=&#8221;center&#8221; align_phone=&#8221;&#8221; align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|-30%||&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;|0%|||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; specialty_columns=&#8221;2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;14.6%|||||&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;0%|||&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;40px|40px|40px|40px|true|true&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;zoom&#8221; animation_intensity_zoom=&#8221;20%&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;3px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#dee9ee&#8221; box_shadow_style=&#8221;preset3&#8243; box_shadow_vertical=&#8221;40px&#8221; box_shadow_blur=&#8221;60px&#8221; box_shadow_spread=&#8221;-10px&#8221; box_shadow_color=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0.03)&#8221;][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;32px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;|600||on|||||&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#0075BE&#8221; header_4_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; header_4_letter_spacing=&#8221;2px&#8221; header_4_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; max_width=&#8221;500px&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;zoom&#8221; animation_intensity_zoom=&#8221;20%&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_3_font_size_tablet=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_3_font_size_phone=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_3_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>Power Electronics<\/h4>\n<h3>Heart and brain of electric powertrains<\/h3>\n<div class=\"et_pb_module et_pb_text et_pb_text_5  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\">\n<p>Power electronics in the form of an inverter is one of the three core elements in every electrical powertrain (hybrid or EV): Energy storage \/ inverter \/ e-motor. The inverter plays a major role (alongside other power electronic devices such as charge controller, voltage converter or auxiliaries such as steering servo or electric brakes). From an electrical engineering perspective, the inverter converts the energy stored in the battery, i.e. direct current, into a suitable three-phase alternating current for the e-motor. To do this, the inverter detects the position of the e-motor\u2019s rotor and provides the phases of the e-motor such that the desired torque appears on the e-motor\u2019s drive shaft.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; background_enable_image=&#8221;off&#8221; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;bottom_left&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;5px|0px|15px|0px|false|false&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||60px|&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;40px|40px|40px|40px|true|true&#8221; border_width_all=&#8221;3px&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#eff5f7&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;20px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;|700||on|||||&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#098cf2&#8243; header_4_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; header_4_letter_spacing=&#8221;2px&#8221; header_4_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; max_width=&#8221;500px&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_3_font_size_tablet=&#8221;24px&#8221; header_3_font_size_phone=&#8221;18px&#8221; header_3_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h4>E-Motor<\/h4>\n<h3>So there is no \u201cintelligence\u201d in the e-motor itself.<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;Playfair Display|700|||||||&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;32px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; header_4_font=&#8221;Rubik|500||on|||||&#8221; header_4_text_color=&#8221;#098cf2&#8243; header_4_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; header_4_letter_spacing=&#8221;2px&#8221; header_4_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-37px|||||&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The same is true for energy storage (battery or fuel cell): Apart from the required safe operation, there is no form of intelligence present in the form of software.<\/p>\n<p>This means that power electronics play a particular role in the group of the three core electrical elements: It converts the direct current into alternating current for the drive. And it controls the e-motor torque in real-time. To do this, apart from the components required to handle the power, the power electronics module also contains a mini-computer and comprehensive software to handle functions such as anti-skip, anti-slip and recuperation. The power electronics module communicates with superordinate devices, carries out diagnostics, and monitors e-motor loading.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;About&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;3.22&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||||&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;|700||on|||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#0075BE&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; header_3_letter_spacing=&#8221;2px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; max_width=&#8221;500px&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;32px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;22px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Power electronics are<\/h3>\n<h2>the \u201cheart and brain\u201d of an electrical powertrain.\u00a0<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The higher the number of requirements defined, or specified, for a product, the more comprehensive the validation process becomes: The \u201ctesting\u201d. In the case of power electronics, the requirements are not only comprehensive but also complex. On the one hand, ambitious electrical KPIs need to be proven, and on the other, complex software algorithms and safety functions need to be checked.<\/p>\n<p>Software testing is a particularly interesting aspect. Software \u201cgrows\u201d and is \u201cdebugged\u201d. This process accompanies the power electronics product over its entire life-cycle and is usually required for several product variants.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;30px&#8221; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; header_3_font=&#8221;|700||on|||||&#8221; header_3_text_color=&#8221;#0075BE&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; header_3_letter_spacing=&#8221;2px&#8221; header_3_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; max_width=&#8221;500px&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;32px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;22px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Where are you wasting time?<\/h3>\n<h2>Which faults should not occur?<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>It is important that the tests are carried out in a manner that comes as close to real situations as possible. Tests performed on power electronics where all power elements are switched off do not conform with this requirement. Tests that deliver results under laboratory conditions that are different to those results obtained in real use-cases are, best case, a waste of time.<\/p>\n<p>A good test strategy needs to be in place at the latest when the power electronics are integrated with the e-motor. If faults are only discovered in the power electronics during integration with the e-motor, then you are clearly being confronted with weaknesses in the test strategy.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;Feature&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; use_background_color_gradient=&#8221;on&#8221; background_color_gradient_start=&#8221;#0075be&#8221; background_color_gradient_end=&#8221;rgba(0,0,0,0)&#8221; background_color_gradient_overlays_image=&#8221;on&#8221; background_image=&#8221;https:\/\/avl-set.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/IMG_kurzschluss-1.jpg&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;-1px||-1px||true|&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0px||0px||true&#8221; collapsed=&#8221;on&#8221;][et_pb_row custom_padding_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; max_width=&#8221;900px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_margin_tablet=&#8221;|10%||&#8221; custom_margin_phone=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_margin_last_edited=&#8221;on|tablet&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;34px|100px||100px|false|true&#8221; custom_padding_tablet=&#8221;|10%||10%||true&#8221; custom_padding_phone=&#8221;&#8221; animation_style=&#8221;slide&#8221; animation_direction=&#8221;left&#8221; animation_intensity_slide=&#8221;20%&#8221; use_custom_width=&#8221;on&#8221; custom_width_px=&#8221;900px&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; header_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; header_2_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; header_2_font_size=&#8221;36px&#8221; header_2_line_height=&#8221;1.5em&#8221; max_width=&#8221;500px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;|||-38px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|||30px&#8221; header_2_font_size_tablet=&#8221;32px&#8221; header_2_font_size_phone=&#8221;22px&#8221; header_2_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; border_color_all=&#8221;#0075BE&#8221; border_width_left=&#8221;8px&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2>What are the consequences of an inadequate test strategy?<\/h2>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The effort of correcting faults during the integration process is considerably higher. And the consequences could be additional project costs, project delays, recall actions and safety risks. It is therefore important, that faults are eliminated in the development phase of power electronics.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_testimonial author=&#8221;Horst Hammerer&#8221; job_title=&#8221;Founder &#038; CEO&#8221; company_name=&#8221;AVL SET GmbH&#8221; portrait_url=&#8221;https:\/\/avl-set.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/IMG_experte-16-9-2.jpg&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Our motivation? To make available an efficient test methodology for power electronics that is as close as possible to reality.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.4&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;2em&#8221; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Once the power electronics module has been successfully validated via meaningful, close-to-reality tests, also with regard to the expected lifetime and environmental aspects, the module progresses to series production. The topic of testing is again on the agenda to ensure that any deviations in quality such as devices with production faults or component faults are recognized. The test requirements change. That is why we provide adapted solutions that enable power electronics to be tested within a few seconds in an end-of-line application.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Power Electronics Testing Testing MethodologyOnly with a test process in place will the product be as good as it has to be.\t<div class=\"wrap_svl_center\">\r\n\t<div class=\"wrap_svl_center_box\">\r\n\t<div class=\"wrap_svl\" id=\"body_drag_3649\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"images_wrap\">\r\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/01_antriebsttrang_mit_karosse_textured.png\" alt=\"\">\r\n            \t\t<\/div>\t\r\n\t\t \t\t \t\t <div class=\"drag_element tips \" style=\"top:53.41%;left:43.26%;\" >\r\n\t\t \t<div class=\"point_style  ihotspot_tooltop_html\" data-placement=\"n\" data-html=\"\t\t \t\t\t                  &lt;div class=&quot;box_view_html&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;span class=&quot;close_ihp&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;svg version=&quot;1.1&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink&quot; x=&quot;0px&quot; y=&quot;0px&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 1000 1000&quot; enable-background=&quot;new 0 0 1000 1000&quot; xml:space=&quot;preserve&quot;&gt;&lt;g&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M153.7,153.7C57.9,249.5,10,365.3,10,499c0,135.7,47.9,251.5,143.7,347.3l0,0C249.5,942.1,363.3,990,499,990c135.7,0,251.5-47.9,347.3-143.7C942.1,750.5,990,634.7,990,499c0-135.7-47.9-249.5-143.7-345.3l0,0C750.5,57.9,634.7,10,499,10C365.3,10,249.5,57.9,153.7,153.7z M209.6,211.6l2-2C289.4,129.7,387.2,89.8,499,89.8c113.8,0,209.6,39.9,291.4,121.8c79.8,77.8,119.8,175.6,119.8,287.4c0,113.8-39.9,209.6-119.8,291.4C708.6,870.3,612.8,910.2,499,910.2c-111.8,0-209.6-39.9-287.4-119.8C129.8,708.6,89.8,612.8,89.8,499C89.8,387.2,129.8,289.4,209.6,211.6z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M293.4,331.3c0,12,4,22,12,29.9L443.1,497L305.4,632.7c-8,8-12,18-12,29.9c0,10,4,18,12,26c8,8,18,12,28,12c12,0,20-4,27.9-10L499,552.9l135.7,137.7c8,6,16,10,28,10c12,0,21.9-4,27.9-10c8-8,12-18,12-28c0-12-4-21.9-12-29.9L554.9,497l135.7-135.7c8-8,12-18,12-27.9c0-12-4-22-12-29.9c-6-8-16-12-25.9-12c-12,0-21.9,4-29.9,12L499,441.1L363.3,303.4c-8-8-18-12-29.9-12c-10,0-20,4-28,12C297.4,311.4,293.4,321.4,293.4,331.3z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;\/g&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chassis-Systems control units&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Systems that have associated control units include the steering servo, electrical brakes, active suspension and also the aircon compressor. The actuator in these auxiliaries operates in a closed loop. The control unit determines the behaviour of the actuator.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t\t\t \t\t \t\t \">\r\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Icon_Hotspot_Plus.png\" class=\"pins_image ihotspot_hastooltop\" style=\"top:-25px;left:-25px\" alt=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t<\/div>\r\n\t\t <\/div>\r\n\t\t \t\t <div class=\"drag_element tips \" style=\"top:43.08%;left:28.93%;\" >\r\n\t\t \t<div class=\"point_style  ihotspot_tooltop_html\" data-placement=\"n\" data-html=\"\t\t \t\t\t                  &lt;div class=&quot;box_view_html&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;span class=&quot;close_ihp&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;svg version=&quot;1.1&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink&quot; x=&quot;0px&quot; y=&quot;0px&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 1000 1000&quot; enable-background=&quot;new 0 0 1000 1000&quot; xml:space=&quot;preserve&quot;&gt;&lt;g&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M153.7,153.7C57.9,249.5,10,365.3,10,499c0,135.7,47.9,251.5,143.7,347.3l0,0C249.5,942.1,363.3,990,499,990c135.7,0,251.5-47.9,347.3-143.7C942.1,750.5,990,634.7,990,499c0-135.7-47.9-249.5-143.7-345.3l0,0C750.5,57.9,634.7,10,499,10C365.3,10,249.5,57.9,153.7,153.7z M209.6,211.6l2-2C289.4,129.7,387.2,89.8,499,89.8c113.8,0,209.6,39.9,291.4,121.8c79.8,77.8,119.8,175.6,119.8,287.4c0,113.8-39.9,209.6-119.8,291.4C708.6,870.3,612.8,910.2,499,910.2c-111.8,0-209.6-39.9-287.4-119.8C129.8,708.6,89.8,612.8,89.8,499C89.8,387.2,129.8,289.4,209.6,211.6z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M293.4,331.3c0,12,4,22,12,29.9L443.1,497L305.4,632.7c-8,8-12,18-12,29.9c0,10,4,18,12,26c8,8,18,12,28,12c12,0,20-4,27.9-10L499,552.9l135.7,137.7c8,6,16,10,28,10c12,0,21.9-4,27.9-10c8-8,12-18,12-28c0-12-4-21.9-12-29.9L554.9,497l135.7-135.7c8-8,12-18,12-27.9c0-12-4-22-12-29.9c-6-8-16-12-25.9-12c-12,0-21.9,4-29.9,12L499,441.1L363.3,303.4c-8-8-18-12-29.9-12c-10,0-20,4-28,12C297.4,311.4,293.4,321.4,293.4,331.3z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;\/g&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Inverter&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The inverter is one of the three core elements in every powertrain. The inverter converts the energy in the battery (DC current) into multi-phase alternating current for the e-motor and controls the e-motor torque.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;\/p&gt;\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t\t\t \t\t \t\t \">\r\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Icon_Hotspot_Plus.png\" class=\"pins_image ihotspot_hastooltop\" style=\"top:-25px;left:-25px\" alt=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t<\/div>\r\n\t\t <\/div>\r\n\t\t \t\t <div class=\"drag_element tips \" style=\"top:71.79%;left:46.3%;\" >\r\n\t\t \t<div class=\"point_style  ihotspot_tooltop_html\" data-placement=\"n\" data-html=\"\t\t \t\t\t                  &lt;div class=&quot;box_view_html&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;span class=&quot;close_ihp&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;svg version=&quot;1.1&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink&quot; x=&quot;0px&quot; y=&quot;0px&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 1000 1000&quot; enable-background=&quot;new 0 0 1000 1000&quot; xml:space=&quot;preserve&quot;&gt;&lt;g&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M153.7,153.7C57.9,249.5,10,365.3,10,499c0,135.7,47.9,251.5,143.7,347.3l0,0C249.5,942.1,363.3,990,499,990c135.7,0,251.5-47.9,347.3-143.7C942.1,750.5,990,634.7,990,499c0-135.7-47.9-249.5-143.7-345.3l0,0C750.5,57.9,634.7,10,499,10C365.3,10,249.5,57.9,153.7,153.7z M209.6,211.6l2-2C289.4,129.7,387.2,89.8,499,89.8c113.8,0,209.6,39.9,291.4,121.8c79.8,77.8,119.8,175.6,119.8,287.4c0,113.8-39.9,209.6-119.8,291.4C708.6,870.3,612.8,910.2,499,910.2c-111.8,0-209.6-39.9-287.4-119.8C129.8,708.6,89.8,612.8,89.8,499C89.8,387.2,129.8,289.4,209.6,211.6z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M293.4,331.3c0,12,4,22,12,29.9L443.1,497L305.4,632.7c-8,8-12,18-12,29.9c0,10,4,18,12,26c8,8,18,12,28,12c12,0,20-4,27.9-10L499,552.9l135.7,137.7c8,6,16,10,28,10c12,0,21.9-4,27.9-10c8-8,12-18,12-28c0-12-4-21.9-12-29.9L554.9,497l135.7-135.7c8-8,12-18,12-27.9c0-12-4-22-12-29.9c-6-8-16-12-25.9-12c-12,0-21.9,4-29.9,12L499,441.1L363.3,303.4c-8-8-18-12-29.9-12c-10,0-20,4-28,12C297.4,311.4,293.4,321.4,293.4,331.3z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;\/g&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DC\/DC Converter&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The DC\/DC converter aligns different voltage levels. It converts DC voltages to DC voltages and controls the flow of energy between two voltage potentials.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t\t\t \t\t \t\t \">\r\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Icon_Hotspot_Plus.png\" class=\"pins_image ihotspot_hastooltop\" style=\"top:-25px;left:-25px\" alt=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t<\/div>\r\n\t\t <\/div>\r\n\t\t \t\t <div class=\"drag_element tips \" style=\"top:66.34%;left:74.47%;\" >\r\n\t\t \t<div class=\"point_style  ihotspot_tooltop_html\" data-placement=\"n\" data-html=\"\t\t \t\t\t                  &lt;div class=&quot;box_view_html&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;span class=&quot;close_ihp&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;svg version=&quot;1.1&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink&quot; x=&quot;0px&quot; y=&quot;0px&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 1000 1000&quot; enable-background=&quot;new 0 0 1000 1000&quot; xml:space=&quot;preserve&quot;&gt;&lt;g&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M153.7,153.7C57.9,249.5,10,365.3,10,499c0,135.7,47.9,251.5,143.7,347.3l0,0C249.5,942.1,363.3,990,499,990c135.7,0,251.5-47.9,347.3-143.7C942.1,750.5,990,634.7,990,499c0-135.7-47.9-249.5-143.7-345.3l0,0C750.5,57.9,634.7,10,499,10C365.3,10,249.5,57.9,153.7,153.7z M209.6,211.6l2-2C289.4,129.7,387.2,89.8,499,89.8c113.8,0,209.6,39.9,291.4,121.8c79.8,77.8,119.8,175.6,119.8,287.4c0,113.8-39.9,209.6-119.8,291.4C708.6,870.3,612.8,910.2,499,910.2c-111.8,0-209.6-39.9-287.4-119.8C129.8,708.6,89.8,612.8,89.8,499C89.8,387.2,129.8,289.4,209.6,211.6z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M293.4,331.3c0,12,4,22,12,29.9L443.1,497L305.4,632.7c-8,8-12,18-12,29.9c0,10,4,18,12,26c8,8,18,12,28,12c12,0,20-4,27.9-10L499,552.9l135.7,137.7c8,6,16,10,28,10c12,0,21.9-4,27.9-10c8-8,12-18,12-28c0-12-4-21.9-12-29.9L554.9,497l135.7-135.7c8-8,12-18,12-27.9c0-12-4-22-12-29.9c-6-8-16-12-25.9-12c-12,0-21.9,4-29.9,12L499,441.1L363.3,303.4c-8-8-18-12-29.9-12c-10,0-20,4-28,12C297.4,311.4,293.4,321.4,293.4,331.3z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;\/g&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Onboard Charger&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The onboard charger ensures that the batteries in an electric vehicle are charged. It represents the interface to the charge point (energy source) and controls the battery charging process.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t\t\t \t\t \t\t \">\r\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Icon_Hotspot_Plus.png\" class=\"pins_image ihotspot_hastooltop\" style=\"top:-25px;left:-25px\" alt=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t<\/div>\r\n\t\t <\/div>\r\n\t\t \t\t <div class=\"drag_element tips \" style=\"top:69.14%;left:60.74%;\" >\r\n\t\t \t<div class=\"point_style  ihotspot_tooltop_html\" data-placement=\"n\" data-html=\"\t\t \t\t\t                  &lt;div class=&quot;box_view_html&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;span class=&quot;close_ihp&quot;&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;svg version=&quot;1.1&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot; xmlns:xlink=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink&quot; x=&quot;0px&quot; y=&quot;0px&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 1000 1000&quot; enable-background=&quot;new 0 0 1000 1000&quot; xml:space=&quot;preserve&quot;&gt;&lt;g&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M153.7,153.7C57.9,249.5,10,365.3,10,499c0,135.7,47.9,251.5,143.7,347.3l0,0C249.5,942.1,363.3,990,499,990c135.7,0,251.5-47.9,347.3-143.7C942.1,750.5,990,634.7,990,499c0-135.7-47.9-249.5-143.7-345.3l0,0C750.5,57.9,634.7,10,499,10C365.3,10,249.5,57.9,153.7,153.7z M209.6,211.6l2-2C289.4,129.7,387.2,89.8,499,89.8c113.8,0,209.6,39.9,291.4,121.8c79.8,77.8,119.8,175.6,119.8,287.4c0,113.8-39.9,209.6-119.8,291.4C708.6,870.3,612.8,910.2,499,910.2c-111.8,0-209.6-39.9-287.4-119.8C129.8,708.6,89.8,612.8,89.8,499C89.8,387.2,129.8,289.4,209.6,211.6z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M293.4,331.3c0,12,4,22,12,29.9L443.1,497L305.4,632.7c-8,8-12,18-12,29.9c0,10,4,18,12,26c8,8,18,12,28,12c12,0,20-4,27.9-10L499,552.9l135.7,137.7c8,6,16,10,28,10c12,0,21.9-4,27.9-10c8-8,12-18,12-28c0-12-4-21.9-12-29.9L554.9,497l135.7-135.7c8-8,12-18,12-27.9c0-12-4-22-12-29.9c-6-8-16-12-25.9-12c-12,0-21.9,4-29.9,12L499,441.1L363.3,303.4c-8-8-18-12-29.9-12c-10,0-20,4-28,12C297.4,311.4,293.4,321.4,293.4,331.3z&quot;\/&gt;&lt;\/g&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;&lt;\/span&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chassis-Systems control units&lt;\/strong&gt;&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Systems that have associated control units include the steering servo, electrical brakes, active suspension and also the aircon compressor. The actuator in these auxiliaries operates in a closed loop. The control unit determines the behaviour of the actuator.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\t\t\t\t\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t\t\t \t\t \t\t \">\r\n\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t \t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/Icon_Hotspot_Plus.png\" class=\"pins_image ihotspot_hastooltop\" style=\"top:-25px;left:-25px\" alt=\"\">\r\n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t \t<\/div>\r\n\t\t <\/div>\r\n\t\t \t\t \r\n\t\t  \t\t \t\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\t <\/div>\r\n\tTesting Methodology Why should you test power electronics?Only with a test process in place will the product be as good as it has to be. What is the logic behind this? Everything that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":2730,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2738","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2738","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2738"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2738\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2730"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/avl-set.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}